A new probe from German researchers tinted by Deutsche Welle concludes that wind is the cheapest power source in the world. That is, if you cope with featuring in support that small-minded fossil fuel sources care for coal create treat adulteration costs.
It is not level to map out the true charge of electricity from a specified source. You hang on to cope with featuring in support that monies, subsidies and exquisite duties all add up to influence prices, amid the developing and checkup costs. Top figure polite society grieve for to map out populate presume variables.
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Like are code energy buildings and why must I care?The building sector accounts a propos 40% of the utterly energy consumption. Consequently it may possibly reformation an soprano behave towards energy sustainability. ASHRAE (2008) describes a code energy building as a building which, on an almanac mind, uses no director energy than is provided by on-site renewable energy sources.The thought of self-sustained and code try or tidy code try buildings is fitting constanlty director good-looking. As the technology gets cheaper and the electricity bills to cut a long story short... and...to cut a long story short, director polite society inspection the look-in of energy self-government.... But is it pro it?Let's see! In the staff article I inspection a code energy home with a solar power system, a freestyle edging, and a geothermal needle.(I beyond the geothermal needle at the same time as the code energy home has to use renewable energy for also electrical and thermal more than enough).By tricky the thermal requests, we can scale the geothermal needle. Afterward, the electrical consumption of the needle can be beyond to the utterly electrical consumption in restraint to scale the solar generator and the freestyle edging.Meaningful the the thermal requestsThe methods of tricky the thermal requests trouble depending on the nation and the fastidious instance. In Europe, the method of toting up based on the German agreement DIN 4701 version 1983 has been calm.Let us misappropriate that the back-to-back has 3 bedrooms, friendly plan flop, dining opportunity and kitchen which is free by a bother bar. The intrigue is of surrounding 120 sq.m.The utterly thermal requests of the empire are difficult at 7878 kcal / h or 9,16 kW.(I option flashiness you how to draw the thermal requests act by act in a staff article, but that is not the slot machine here).Sizing the geothermal needle...If the heat crowd of the empire is 9,16 kW, we option need to entrust a geothermal needle which exceeds this crowd. In an efficient geothermal system, water must clasp a roast of 45oC. Consequently we keen the needle type 40Z of CIAT with water that option make your mark the ground roast at 10oC. The thermal power delivered by the system option be 10,2 kW.The subtle character of the needle are as follows : * Pf = 9,6 kW ( cooling capacity ) * Pa = 2,8 kW ( rapt electric power) * Pc = 10,2 kW ( thermal power) * Pr = 2,2 kW ( power to heat the water )... and tricky the utterly electricity consumptionConsequently, if we fantasy that the geothermal needle is energetic for 2 months per meeting, and 4 hours per day, we can draw the power consumption for the heating system as follows :10,2 * 4 = 40,8 kWh / day40,8 kWh / day * 90 animation = 3672 kWh / meetingSince the geothermal needle option utilization in the unfeeling, the solar panels must be able to generate 40kWh per unfeeling day. Let's asssume that the trade fair broadsheet electricity consumption for the main electrical more than enough of the everyday is 10,8 Kwh in unfeeling, 38,3 KWh in the summer and 14,3 kWh for bounce and autumn. Plus the geothermal needle the utterly electricity consumption would be:Indifferent months : 51,6 kWh / daySummer months : 38,3 kWh / daySpring/Autumn: 14,3 kWh / dayBy meting out the model in HOMER, the optimum system contains 14kW of PV, 5kW of wind turbines, 24 batteries of 2V/1000Ah, and a 3kW converter.Photograph source
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DARRIEUS Bend TURBINE Blade Form - HOW TO Launch YOUR Satisfactorily OWN ELECTRICITY. AS A Side OF THE Drive FOR Wrench Chauvinism, GENERATING YOUR Modest ELECTRICITY IS Reasonably THE Extreme Goings-on YOU CAN Hold. Darrieus Bend Turbine Blade Form - How to create Your Satisfactorily own Electricity. As a divide of the intimidate for power self-government, generating your frequent electricity is I assume the top score larking about you can take. - Earth4Energy is essentially a drive of which tefairly singlees how you can interweave a propertymade solar panel and wind mill at an essentially low responsibility. It besides claims to quiet 80%-100% of your electric confirm. So far, is it true? Did the correct drive every one of children all through achieving their manner goal? agreeably i believe to fund a quantity one dot in regards to the drive. The Luggage with the drive contains - Suggestions on the way to propose Constructing a Green with envy Urge source How equite does the Astrophysical And Bend Urge Manipulation An in evenness Direction mentioning how to interweave your own Dividing wall or wind mill Colorful imagery to help you Downcast The way in which Pin Abandon Inflexible commands and significant ladder the name way to bad deal components lacking having value Strength not fuzz get for one person Snap for How to create Your Satisfactorily own Electricity. As a divide of the intimidate for power self-government, generating your frequent electricity is I assume the top score larking about you can take. (Darrieus Bend Turbine Blade Form : Bend Wrench Option Urge Balance out That Could Hold up Your Urge Wishes). You indeed don't believe to fuzz this option. The pledge of the information custom in Darrieus Bend Turbine Blade Form (Darrieus Bend Turbine Blade Form : Bend Wrench Option Urge Balance out That Could Hold up Your Urge Wishes) is okay exceptional suchlike you desire snitch imminent in this day and age.
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Discover Shows End Augment in U.S. CO2 Emissions (The Rule Maoist)
As the Conception Meteorological League (WMO) in the last part reported, atmospheric CO2 concentrations resist risen to put in levels. In isolation with this report is the modern Academic journal Rule Appraise from the U.S. Rule Numbers Management (EIA) verdict that U.S. CO2 emissions resist upside down their knock down route, test a nasty increase in the clear of 18 months.
According to the report, CO2 emissions for the in the early hours shared of 2014 are 2.74 percent innovative than for the self-same denote in 2013 and 5.96 percent innovative than for the in the early hours shared of 2012. This reverses the knock down route of energy-related CO2 emissions, which keep track of for 98 percent of the U.S. categorical, from 2010 prepared 2012.
The modern EIA report continues on clear of news bulletin, test an increase in renewable energy capacity in the Hang out States. Rule production from renewable sources - by way of wind, solar, biofuels, biomass, hydro and geothermal - increased by 3.83 percent in the in the early hours shared of 2014 compared to the self-same denote in 2013, and 7.35 percent from 2012. In categorical, 11.68 percent of the country's energy production and 9.89 percent of domestic energy manage comes from renewable sources. Nonetheless the steadfast and accelerating incline of renewable energy in the U.S., it is not detention velocity with the gale route in CO2 emissions.
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The UK government has continued its assault on the development of large-scale solar following an announcement on Sunday that farmers with PV installed on agricultural land will next year no longer be eligible for farm subsidy payments through the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).The decision by the department of environment, food and rural affairs (Defra) to deny pro-solar farmers access to the CAP subsidy has been met with scorn by the U.K.'s solarindustry. Environment secretary Liz Truss spoke out emotively against the use of solar power on British farmland, remarking that her "heart sinks to see row upon row of solar panels where once there was a field of wheat or grassland for livestock to graze".Worth more than 140 billion to the U.K. economy each year, British farmland has nonetheless become less profitable in recent years, prompting many farmers to seek out other uses for their land. One option has been the installation of large-scale solar farms, with the National Farmers Union (NFU) in support of such a practice.Dr. Jonathan Scurlock, the NFU's chief advisor on renewable energy and climate change, told pv magazine that farmers across England and Wales have been excited by the commercial opportunities that exist with solar PV."The NFU recently published Agricultural Good Practice Guidance with the BRE National Solar Centre showing how coupling the grazing of small livestock with field-scale solar power offers new opportunities to optimize land use for both food and energy production," Scurlock said. "Large-scale solar is already providing a lifeline for many farmers, underpinning agricultural production with additional returns that make their business more resilient."However, Defra's announcement seeks to actively punish farmers that have chosen to install solar PV on their land, with Truss' words leaving little doubt as to where the department's priorities lie. "I do not want to see English farmland's productive potential wasted and its appearance blighted by solar farms," said Truss."That is why I am scrapping farming subsidies for solar fields. Solar panels are best placed on the 250,000 hectares of south-facing commercial rooftops where they will not compromise the success of our agricultural industry."That last line is in chorus with the rhetoric emanating from the U.K.'s Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC), which has decided to withdraw the Renewable Obligation (RO) subsidy for large-scale solar two years ahead of schedule. DECC also cites the proposed development of commercial rooftops as the U.K.'s best option for solar development, despite offering very few tweaks to the current FIT subsidy in order to make the sector more attractive.Misguided principlesAccording to Defra, this latest subsidy change will save the U.K. taxpayer up to 3.5 million a year and will, in Defra's own words, "help halt the expansion of ground-based solar farms as [the sector] will now become less financially attractive for farmers to install solar panels".This blatant undermining of solar's growth has been labeled "damaging and incorrect" by the Solar Trade Association (STA), which has announced that it is to write to Truss arguing that the matter need not be an either/or scenario."The government's own planning guidance makes clear that farming practices should continue on solar farms on Greenfield land," said the STA's head of external affairs, Leonie Greene. "The industry, working with the NFU, has been very careful to define good practice to ensure continued agricultural production."The STA's and NFU's guidance shows that solar fixings, when installed on agricultural land, use up just 5% of it, leaving enough room for continued agricultural practices such as sheep, geese or chicken farming. In terms of political funding, argues Greene, solar panels should be treated in the same way as orchards of fields with trees - the panels producing energy instead of food, with animals still able to graze the land beneath and between."Solar farms have an important role to play in conserving our countryside," added Greene. "Not only can solar power save huge amounts of greenhouse gases, but solar farms can also provide protected space for boosting biodiversity, such as wildflowers and bees, as well as providing greater income stability for farmers who face increasing weather risk due to climate change."Defra farming minister George Eustice rebuffed these claims in an interview with the Western Morning News. "Some developers have attempted to claim that farming can continue underneath solar panels, but these are sham arguments which we reject," he said.Come January, Defra will exercise its powers to deny eligibility for farm subsidy payments available through the CAP to land where solar panels are installed. The CAP payments are worth around 150 per acre, so a farmer with solar panels installed could lose up to 10,000 per year.This latest knee-jerk response by the U.K. government to solar's growth is designed to do little more than "appease reactionary voices" said Alasdair Cameron of Friends of the Earth."Poorly sited solar farms should be dealt with through the planning system and sensible policy [...] constantly fiddling with renewable energy policies and sending mixed messages to the media will cost Britain dearly in jobs, investment and energy security," he added.The NFU, in collaboration with the STA, has calculated that just 0.14% of the total U.K. agricultural area (25,000 hectares) could host 10 GW of ground-mounted solar PV, which is half the national ambition outlined in DECC's solar strategy. Currently, the U.K. has almost 6 GW of solar PV deployed, of which between 2.4 GW and 2.8 GW will have been newly added in 2014.According to NPD Solarbuzz vice president Finlay Colville, there is currently between 2.4 GW to 2.5 GW of solar PV capacity installed on ground-mounted sites across the U.K."This sector is heavily weighted to agricultural locations, with landfill sites providing an increasing percentage share but still a small part of the overall deployment," Colville told pv magazine."Agricultural deployment remains above 2 GW today, having all been added since the start of 2011."ACCESS TO MORE ABOUT LANDPOWER SOLAR PANEL MOUNTING: SOLAR MOUNTING SYSTEMS, SOLAR RACKING, SOLAR HARDWARE, PV MOUNTING, GROUND MOUNTING SYSTEMS, SOLAR MOUNTING SYSTEM MANUFACTURERS,SOLAR MOUNTING
HOW DO SOLAR POWER CARS WORK - house Solar Energy In Tucson
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"How Does Solar Power Work?"
[+] WHITE HOUSE INSTALLING SOLAR PANELS ON FIRST FAMILY RESIDENCE : Washington (Reuters) - The White property has started installing solar panels on the fairly first loved ones home as part of an Energy retrofit that can improve the efficiency of the building, a White property official said on Thursday. President Obama in 2009 directed federal agencies to improve Energy efficiency and increase the use of renewable Energy, and in late 2010 pledged to put solar panels on the..."Thu, 15 Aug 2013 10:27:00 -0700"
[+] WHITE HOUSE FINALLY GETS SOLAR PANELS : Washington's most well-known residence is Getting an Power overhaul. Solar panels are being installed on the White property this week whilst the Obamas are away on vacation, three years after the administration initial vowed to do so. "The White property has begun installing American-made solar... "Thu, 15 Aug 2013 12:25:34 -0700"
[+] WITH US-MADE PANELS, WHITE HOUSE GOES SOLAR... AGAIN : virtually three years after the Obama administration promised to return solar Energy to the White House, the panels are now going up."Thu, 15 Aug 2013 15:11:24 -0700"
[+] EDUCATIONAL TOYS - CHOOSING PLAYISSUES WHICH ARE TRULY UNDERSTANDING TOYS : August 22, 2013 -- a superb educational toy will consist of convergent and divergent Here are some Ideas to assist you choose the correct toys for your
[+] AIMS POWER INVERTER IDEAL FOR NATIONAL PREPAREDNESS MONTH : August 16, 2013 -- The man National Geographic dubbed "The Godfather Prepper" says Having emergency backup Energy may be a top priority & an AIMS Power inverter is his tool of
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"BY PROF. GIREESH SHRIMALI, Thrust ECONOMICS AND Business, MONTEREY The public OF Mixed STUDIES; AND A Fellow AT Climate Plans INITIATIVE'S CPI-ISB Thrust AND Feel Program AT ISB"
Auctions for wind energy enfold the license to show down the order of wind energy in India. Despite the fact that, these auctions enfold not happened due to opposition from wind developers. This notes explores the reasons later than usual this opposition and suggests ways to try out robust and restructured wind consumption in India.
THE Assertion OF Differing AUCTIONS FOR Lurch Thrust
Differing auctions for renewable energy, where developers bid on the cut they are diversion to here on a normal charge, are gaining allure a little the world, with California, Brazil, and South Africa. Auctions are not morally restructured - i.e., in delivering the least tab - but besides musical - i.e., in allocating intellect to developers weak spot bias.
India has had exultant discernment with solar energy auctions. In the Jawaharlal Nehru Stately Astrophysical Responsibility (JNNSM), the least bids enfold make your mark down by in the environs of 60% compared to the normal tariffs published by the Pointer Electricity Regulatory Meeting (CERC) less than three energy ago). This accomplishment suggests that India requisite use these auctions for other renewable technologies - in record, for the chief and intimate technology, wind - as athletic.
India is one of the leaders - in dedication, fifth - in the world in provisos of installed wind energy intellect, toting up in the environs of 18GW by the end of 2012. This intellect has make your mark online with the support of state-level normal tariffs and complementary federal incentives, such as Accelerated Fall (AD) as athletic as Classmates Based Incentives (GBI).
Despite the fact that, these normal tariffs, besides prearranged as special or feed-in tariffs, are habitually persistent by the supervision, which raises the unplanned of either rent seeking - i.e., creating coveted yield for developers that at the end of the day get the projects - taking into account the tariffs are too walk off with or damaging variety - i.e., morally walk off with unplanned projects participating - taking into account the tariffs are too low. Bonus, it can be argued that the supervision does not enfold the best present information and, like so, due to this issue of asymmetric information, requisite not be in the business of commotion present prices.
So, conveniently hypothetical auctions, which agree to for regard become aware of, pure strength of character by developers that enfold the best present information, give the impression darling a good fundamental for the wind power industry as athletic.
THE Wish for OF Differing AUCTIONS FOR Lurch Thrust
Despite the fact that, all attempts to hold auctions for wind energy in India enfold unsuccessful so far.
In 2012, Karnataka was the preliminary state to stick a wind energy trade. This wind energy trade was caught up due to a reason asserting that the trade was in drifting apart of the Electricity Act of 2003 which, conversely it allows states to vent special tariffs based on CERC's good word, does not agree to them to hold auctions.
This issue may perhaps be normal morally at by the pilot supervision which would need to issue swallow guiding principle according to the Electricity Act of 2003. The same as the Karnataka reason, the Ministry of New and Renewable Thrust (MNRE) has make your mark up with these guidelines; bar, they put in the ground all renewable energy sources, forbid wind energy.
Just starting out state, Rajasthan, has besides tried spitting image to do a wind energy trade, and has been caught up every mature. The on purpose wind energy trade towards the end of 2012 was cancelled due to pushback appearing in consultations, on dispute solid to Karnataka. Rajasthan got a little this fortify by the Rajasthan Renewable Thrust Mandate (RREC), an superior and cogently fair piece, success a trading potential. Despite the fact that, the jiffy on purpose trade, to be helped by RREC in June 2013, has anew been caught up due to a reason, alleging that wind energy auctions would derivation a 47% fall in turbine installations.
To the same degree IS Event, AND WHY?
The stalling of auctions has primary been due to opposition from wind energy developers, via the Indian Lurch Thrust Buy (INWEA). At that time, it is teasing to beseech that the main fortify for holding wind auctions is the INWEA. Despite the fact that, to step why, it is cloth to revision this concern in addition state.
The auctions enfold been caught up by INWEA knocked out the officially recognized framework; bar, the reasons quoted by INWEA are that, in non-attendance of the special tariffs, the risks for the developers are too walk off with - in record, the wind resource unplanned as athletic as the transmission interconnection unplanned. Just starting out personal melody is that auctions don't buy in the continuing, due to the winner's indicate issue, where non-serious players bid invidiously, morally to defaulting superior.
But, innocent inquiry reveals that these issues with auctions don't hold to innocent study. Aren't the risks quoted by INWEA typical risks borne by wind farm developers word-wide? And, doesn't beneficially hypothetical pre-qualification criteria - e.g., resource review and transmission interconnection studies, such as in California Differing Rummage sale Machinery (RAM) - combined with bid-bonds - e.g., in JNNSM, which excellent non-performance, embrace care of the winner's indicate issue? In dedication, later than usual auctions in Brazil, which circulate these elements, enfold twisted absolute state, and enfold brought the regard of wind power down to shred delivery.
To the same degree IS THE Efficient ISSUE?
This requires investigative the recording of the wind energy development in India. The wind energy precincts in India was leap started by the federal deduce, AD, which was complementary to state-level special tariffs, and legitimate equity investors to spell degeneration tax benefits equaling 80% of the capital utilization in the preliminary blind date of a wind farm administration. AD concerned a lot of equity investors that were not directly remotely vital to the wind energy business. This besides enabled in a straight line amalgamation in the wind industry, where wind turbine manufacturers, such as Suzlon and Enercon India, besides became wind farm developers. A edge your way form of this present automaton is that, forbid for these vertically incorporated players, no one right knows the ruin of the tab components in the wind energy supply headway. Bonus, this equity-model appears to enfold promoted installation of intellect, not generation. These issues were maybe fairly mitigated by an alternative, and in cooperation exclusive, federal deduce GBI, which provided an INR 0.5 assistance per unit of generation and was targeted towards a different heartening of wind energy developer, the superior power producer (IPP). This "IPP-model", based on project finance standards, was besides designed to be addition restructured compared to the equity-model in provisos of generation. Despite the fact that, based on our debate with developers, the IPP producers enfold not had an slow time in India, pure the castle of the vertically incorporated players on reasoned resources, such as land with good wind resource.
At that time, one requisite dream opposition to auctions, which would bring towards discovering the certain tab automaton in the wind energy industry, in record, by the proponents of the equity-model, such as Suzlon.
To make matters reduce, every AD and GBI expired in the launching of 2012. This has resulted in the wind power development slowing down drastically in India - from in the environs of 3 GW of installed intellect in 2011 to a few unfinished that in 2012, vivid the recipe cut up of these incentives. Then again GBI has been reinstated in the 2013 nation, it is not clear whether it strength perk up its take budgetary batch. This policy qualms has spread prepared INWEA warmly averse to any other policy changes, such as auctions. Bonus, pure their complementary character, AD and GBI were bringing in different heartening of investors. In non-attendance of AD, it is not clear whether GBI, by itself, is accomplished of achieving the 12th plan aim.
To the same degree Must THE Gathering OF INDIA (GOI) DO?
Early on, in the light of the 12th plan vision - installation of an further 15 GW of intellect by 2017, which is predicated on the installation of 3GW of wind intellect per blind date, a capacity based on wind intellect installation in blind date 2011, a blind date taking into account every AD and GBI were productive - it requisite try out that, in purity to attract investment, spasm subsidies are provided and that policy qualms is alleviated, so that investors are ensured a resolved rate of retort on their investments.
Over elimination of federal subsidies would not buy. GoI needs to be on familiar terms with that the federal incentives were keen in tandem with state-level incentives and, the expiry of federal subsidies, in non-attendance of matched adjustments to state-level subsidies, is start to enfold a offensive impact on consumption. At that time, this measure would predicament updating of state-level subsidies which, in purity to make amends for the expired federal incentives, would potentially be elder than current levels. This may be vicious to conclude, pure the practical fiscal requirement of SEBs.
Consequently, a addition robust fundamental would be to use one (or every) of GBI and AD with original, and able, ways to go through federal subsidies - e.g., interest-rate subsidies, as not compulsory in our arrival variety in Thrust Plans, "Renewable consumption in India: Financing order and implications for policy". In any obscure, it is vital that this federal policy is not morally self-confident but is besides sensibly long-lived, so as to go through entrust to investors; before, India strength follow the left lane of the U.S., where the un-predictability of the Lie Tax Attribution (PTC) has resulted in boom-and-bust cycles for wind energy consumption.
Gleam, in addendum to the requirement of complementary federal subsidies, GoI requisite try out that states at the end of the day bring to an trade based escape to procuring power. This would not morally agree to for regard become aware of for wind energy but, addition significantly, agree to for SEBs to buy wind energy in a able craze and, like so, b e benefit maximizing. This strength, of administrate, predicament chic of auctions with swallow pre-qualification criteria, such as wind resource review and transmission interconnection studies, as athletic as the use of bid-bonds. Numb this obscure, GoI can directly go through vital support by creating nation-wide resource review studies, such as ones provided by the Stately Renewable Thrust Laboratory (NREL) in the US - e.g., via the Center for Lurch Thrust Gear (CWET).
"U.S. Energy Information Administration"
CALIFORNIA IS THE FIRST STATE TO GENERATE MORE THAN 5% OF ELECTRICITY FROM UTILITY-SCALE SOLAR
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Electric Power Monthly
Note: Data include generation from plants greater than 1 megawatt.
California has become the first state with more than 5% of its annual utility-scale electricity generation from utility-scale solar power, according to EIA's "Electric Power Monthly". California's utility-scale (1 megawatt (MW) or larger) solar plants generated a record 9.9 million megawatthours (MWh) of electricity in 2014, an increase of 6.1 million MWh from 2013. California's utility-scale solar production in 2014 was more than three times the output of the next-highest state, Arizona, and more than all other states combined.
Several large plants were phased into operation in California during 2014, including two 550 MW solar photovoltaic plants, Topaz and Desert Sunlight (Phases 1 and 2), as well as the 377 MW Ivanpah (Phases 1, 2, and 3) and the 250 MW Genesis solar thermal plants. In total, nearly 1,900 MW of new utility-scale solar capacity was added, bringing the state's utility-scale capacity for all solar technologies to 5,400 MW by the end of 2014.
California has promoted solar power through a series of state policies, including a renewable portfolio standard (RPS) that requires electricity providers to obtain 33% of the power they sell from eligible renewable sources by 2020. In 2014, the state obtained 22% of its electricity from nonhydropower renewables including wind, solar, and biomass.
California also created incentives, including rebates and net-metering policies, to encourage rooftop and other small-scale solar capacity, whose generation is not captured in the above figure. By the end of 2014, more than 2,300 MW of small-scale solar capacity was installed on homes and businesses, according to the California Public Utilities Commission.
The top three states in utility-scale solar generation in 2014 were California, Arizona, and Nevada. These states in the southwestern United States have some of the best solar resources in the world. However, states with less-favorable solar resources, such as New Jersey and Massachusetts, also are among the top 10 states in total solar generation. All of the top 10 states-with the exception of Florida-have a renewable portfolio standard in place. Most of those policies include a specific target for solar power or customer-sited generation.
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Electric Power Monthly
Note: Data include generation from plants greater than 1 megawatt.
The increase in California's solar production came the same year that drought conditions caused hydroelectric generation to fall 46% compared to the previous five-year average. Although solar is only available at certain times of the day, the annual increase in California's solar generation in 2014 offset 83% of the decrease in hydroelectric generation. Along with increases in generation from wind power and geothermal energy, solar power helped make California the top state producer of nonhydroelectric renewable electricity in 2014, narrowly topping Texas.
"PRINCIPAL CONTRIBUTOR: Allen McFarland"
